How to Prevent Frozen Pipes (and What to Do If They Freeze)

Water expands when it freezes, and the pressure can crack pipes, especially in basements, crawl spaces, attics and exterior walls.

Step by step

1. Know where your main shutoff is

   Find and test the main water shutoff valve before winter so you can act quickly.

2. Insulate exposed pipes

   Use foam sleeves on pipes in garages, crawl spaces, basements and attics.

3. Disconnect hoses and drain outdoor faucets

   Close the indoor shutoff for outdoor spigots and open them outside to drain, unless you have frost-free hose bibs.

4. Seal drafts near pipes

   Seal gaps where cold air reaches pipes, such as around dryer vents and foundation cracks.

5. Keep the heat on

   Don't let the house get colder than around 55 °F, even when you're away.

6. Let faucets drip in extreme cold

   A slow drip on faucets with pipes on exterior walls relieves pressure and keeps water moving.

7. Open cabinet doors

   Let warm air reach pipes under kitchen and bathroom sinks on exterior walls.

If a pipe freezes

1. Keep the faucet open so melting water can flow.
2. Warm the frozen section with a hair dryer, heating pad or warm towels.
3. Never use an open flame or a propane torch.
4. If you can't find or reach the frozen area, call a plumber.

Pipe insulation also saves energy on hot water: